1. Key Specifications

Operating Voltage: 3.3V-5V DC
Detection Distance: 1mm-25mm (adjustable)
Output Signals:
Digital Output (DO): TTL logic (High/Low)
Analog Output (AO): 0-VCC voltage range
Response Time: Comparator Chip: LM393 (wide voltage)
Current Consumption: ≤20mA
Operating Temperature: -25°C to +85°C
Dimensions: 32mm x 14mm (compact PCB)
Mounting: M3 fixed holes

2. Pin Functions (Hardware Interface Standard)

VCC: Power positive (3.3V-5V DC) → Connect to MCU VCC
GND: Power ground → Connect to MCU GND
DO: Digital output → Connect to MCU GPIO (TTL high/low for object detection)
AO: Analog output → Connect to MCU ADC pin (reflectivity intensity measurement)

3. Common FAQs

Q1: Why does the sensor trigger randomly?

Solution: Avoid direct sunlight/strong ambient light. Use a physical shield or calibrate sensitivity via the blue trimmer potentiometer.
Q2: How to improve black/white line detection accuracy?

Calibration: Rotate the trimmer clockwise (↑ sensitivity) for dark surfaces; counterclockwise (↓ sensitivity) for light surfaces. Optimal height: 4-10mm above the surface.
Q3: Can it work with 3.3V microcontrollers (e.g., ESP32)?

Yes: Compatible with 3.3V/5V logic. For DO pin: High=3.3V (no detection), Low=0V (detection triggered).

4. Key Applications

Smart car line tracking (black/white paths)
Obstacle avoidance robots
Paper detection in printers
Industrial object counting